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Although some CIs have a special life cycle, the typical life cycle for most CIs representing hardware is:
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Cycles for All Asset Classes
Asset life cycles vary widely depending on the type of asset. The following is a description of the general life cycle for all assets:
Phase 1: Asset Requested & Approved
During this phase, a need for the asset is determined and a decision is made to deploy the asset. Specifications for the equipment are determined, quotes are obtained, approvals are collected from appropriate stakeholders, and a supplier is selected. In some cases, the "supplier" may be internal if, for example, an existing device can be repurposed or one is located in another department.
This phase ends when the asset has been approved for acquisition or development and required funding has been obtained.
Phase 2: Order Placed & Asset Acquired
If the asset is being acquired from a third party, an order is placed. If the asset is being transferred internally within OIT or from another department, the required documentation is prepared and executed. In the case of software assets, this phase includes the design and development of the software.
This phase ends at the point where the asset has been delivered and is ready for installation or configuration.
Phase 3: Asset Tested & Installed
The asset must be compared to the original specifications and acquisition documents to confirm that it matches the original requirements. Any required assembly and configuration is done during this phase. This includes operating system software, application software and services, databases, network connections, user definition and security rules, and arrangements made for backups and disaster recovery. When all configuration steps are complete, a system test is performed on the asset in place to ensure it meets all client requirements.
This phase ends when the asset is ready to be deployed into production.
Phase 4: Asset in Service & Maintained
This phase represents the useful production life of the asset. Throughout this phase, the asset will undergo periodic maintenance, upgrades, failures, and fixes. At some point, the usefulness of the asset will come to an end and plans need to be made to take it out of service. (Normally, these plans are made well in advance of the decommissioning of the asset.)
This phase ends with the end of the useful life of the asset and planning for the retirement of the asset are complete.
Phase 5: Asset
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The typical life cycle for most CIs representing software or other intangible assets differs from that of physical assets in several significant ways:
Phase 1: Requirements Defined & Approved
A need for the asset is determined and a decision is made to deploy the asset. Requirements for the asset are determined and approval is obtained from the client to proceed with the development or acquisition of the asset.Phase 2: Planning
Implementing software or systems usually involves significant planning to make sure the needs of the client are fully understood and the client understands the commitment for training and proper use of the asset.Phase 3: Development or Acquisition
With respect to software, it usually doesn't matter whether the software is developed in-house or acquired from a third party–one way or the other, the client will be changing business processes to take advantage of the new system. The asset must be compared to the original specifications and acquisition documents to confirm that it matches the original requirements. When the asset is ready, a system test is performed to ensure it meets all client requirements. This phase ends when the asset is ready to be deployed into production.Phase 4: Production Rollout
When the client determines that the asset meets all the initial requirements and OIT determines that it is ready to begin production support of the asset, the asset is moved to a production state. This process differs depending on a lot of factors and it it usually strategized well in advance of the actual production deployment. Rollout can be a simple process or can be phased over a long period of time.Phase 4: Asset in Service & Maintained
This phase represents the useful production life of the asset. Throughout this phase, the asset will undergo periodic maintenance, upgrades, failures, and fixes. At some point, the usefulness of the asset will come to an end and plans need to be made to take it out of service. (Normally, these plans are made well in advance of the retiring of the asset.)Phase 5: Asset Retired
When the asset is no longer needed, either because it is being replaced by something newer or it no longer serves any useful function, it is retired. Retirement can be a fairly complex process depending on the asset class. If the services provided by the asset are no longer needed then retiring can be as simple as removing a set of software. If the asset needs to be phased out rather than replaced, retirement can take some time. Plans for retiring intangible assets are generally made well in advance of the actual retirmement of the asset.
Audit & Validation
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Configuration Groups
The following are the configuration groups used by OIT for organizing CIs in the Configuration Management Database (CMDB):
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